Artificial intelligence in cardiology : applications, benefits and challenges

Evidently, the potential benefits of AI in cardiology are enormous. However, such benefits are not without challenges. First, there are clear benefits for improving work productivity. There are currently fewer physicians to care for an ever - increasing aging population (WHO 2016). AI can support, rather than replace physicians, generating time - and cost - saving benefits for them and their patients and enabling more compassionate and thorough interactions. However, as more tasks become automated, there are possibilities that fewer physicians will be required to work or that fewer will do so on a full - time basis, since many tasks could be delivered through platforms by part-time, freelancer physicians. This may impact the relationship between patients, physicians and administrative staff in healthcare systems

Challenging Dominant Frames in Policies for IS Innovation in Healthcare through Rhetorical Strategies

Information Systems (IS) innovation in healthcare is a contested area often characterized by complex and conflicted relationships among different stakeholders. This paper aims to provide a systematic understanding of the mechanisms through which competing visions about health sector reforms are translated into policy and action generating contradictions in IS innovation. The paper argues that we can learn more about the source of such contradictions by examining how competing frames can affect IS innovation in healthcare. We adopt frame theory and rhetorical strategies analysis in the case of health sector reforms in Kenya, with a specific focus on the deployment of health information systems. We make the following contributions. First, we demonstrate that policy actors’ adherence to the interests and values represented in a frame is important in determining the choice of a rhetorical strategy and its influence on policy transformation and IS innovation. Second, we develop an understanding of how technology mediates the rhetorical strategies of different actors. In particular, we demonstrate the role of technology in giving continuity to frames, thus affecting policy change and IS innovation

Conceptualizing the Role of IS Security Compliance in Projects of Digital Transformation: Tensions and Shifts Between Prevention and Response Modes

Research shows that information systems security operates between two main distinct functioning modes, either prevention before a security incident occurs, or response which follows from an incident, usually external to the organisation. In this paper, we argue that this shift between prevention and response modes also happens due to inherent internal tensions created between pressures for digital transformation and the established forces for security compliance. We show how a digital transformation project introduced a security incident and challenged the IS security compliance function, reflecting the two different approaches to IS security in organizations. We conduct a participatory observation study of the implementation of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in a financial services organization. We examine the shift from prevention to response in this project and identify generative drivers of digital transformation, and drivers of IS security compliance. Our analysis leads to the development of a process model that explains how organizations move from prevention to response when faced with tensions between IS security compliance and digital transformation

Transacting Expertise in Emergency Management and Response

In this paper we extend transactive memory systems (TMS) theory to develop an understanding of the distributed coordination of expertise in high-reliability organizations. We illustrate our conceptual developments in a study of emergency management and response in Greece. We focus on the interaction between operators/dispatchers, ambulance crew, and specialist doctors, including the information and communication technologies (ICT) they use to respond to emergency incidents. Our case contributes to an in-depth understanding of the ways in which high-reliability organizations can sustain a distributed coordination of expertise over the duration of emergency incidents. This is achieved through the cultivation of TMS during a socialization and training period, the dynamic development of trust in emergent actions, and a commitment to shared protocols, which allow for improvisation and bricolage during unexpected incidents. Our findings also explore the role of ICTs in inscribing TMS in computerized protocols, while mediating the development of trust across the team, as well as mediating the construction of running narratives, which enable leaders to coordinate expertise in unexpected incidents

Ideology and moral values in rhetorical framing:How wine was saved from the 19th Century Phylloxera Epidemic

Extant organizational research into crises has focused on the efforts of different actors to defend and legitimate their ideologies towards particular actions. Although insightful, such research has offered little knowledge about the moral reasoning underlying such action. In this paper, we explore how moral reasoning from different ideological viewpoints can lead to polarized debates and stalemate within the context of ecological crises. We apply our conceptual framework in an analysis of the 19th century French phylloxera epidemic. Drawing upon this analysis, we argue that, by adapting their moral reasoning, opposing stakeholder groups could maintain their underlying ideology, while at the same time pragmatically changing their actions towards the crisis. We discuss the theoretical implications of our analysis for historical research in organizational studies and research on organizations and the natural environment

The communicative constitution of IT innovation

This paper contributes to studies of IT innovation, by approaching discourse and technology not as alternating causalities of change, but rather as constitutive to processes of change. Drawing on a communicative constitution of organization (CCO) perspective, the paper provides an analysis of oral and written evidence on innovations in the English National Programme for IT (NPfIT) from 1998 to 2011. The paper makes two key contributions to the literature. First, it offers a longitudinal empirical understanding of how IT innovation is constituted in the triadic relationship between human and nonhuman actors, and the narrative texts in which the delegation between the first two occurs. The paper explores the implications of this renewed understanding of IT innovation for IS research in sociomateriality. Second, the paper contributes to CCO-informed research by adopting a methodological approach that draws on both a historical analysis of the constitution of material objects in specific narrative texts and a rhetorical analysis of communicative actions. The paper explores the methodological implications of this approach for addressing the challenge of understanding the scaling-up of micro communicative actions to macro actions towards the constitution of IT innovation

The failure of foresight in crisis management : a secondary analysis of the Mari disaster

Foresight the ability to plan and think systematically about future scenarios in order to inform decision-making in the present has been applied extensively by corporations and governments alike in crisis management. Foresight can be complicated because dispersed groups have diverse, non-overlapping pieces of information that affects an organization's ability to detect, mitigate, and recover from failures. This paper explores the failure of foresight in crisis management by drawing on data on events that preceded and followed the Mari disaster in a naval base in Cyprus in July 2011, where a large explosion killed 13 people and injured 62 others, while completely destroying the major power plant of the island. The paper examines how foresight into crisis management decisions was compromised because of a conscious effort by high ranking decision-makers to minimize emergent danger and avoid responsibility for the crisis, in joint with red tape, bureaucracy, and poor coordination and information flows. The paper explores the notion of operational and political responsibility of individual decision-makers and discusses an alternative approach to foresight in crisis management, one that is built on multiple layers of decision-making. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Accountability in IT-mediated cross-boundary work : insights from a longitudinal case study

Despite developing rich insights into the study of cross-boundary work, recent research lacks explicit attention to the changes in the relationships of accountability between diverse occupational communities. Drawing on the notion of governmentality as well as research into systems of control and resistance, this paper examines the consequences of IT-mediated cross-boundary work on relationships of accountability in a private hospital. The paper develops theoretical implications for understanding the role of historical-material objects in cross-boundary work, and the dynamic between IT-mediated relationships of accountability across occupational communitie